Jalianwala Bagh became a famous name and place in Indian history due to heavy massacre in Jallianwala Bagh in 1919. It is a public park located in Amritsar city of the state of Punjab, India. In the Punjab state of India, a memorial has been built in memory of the peaceful people who are famous as one of the important national places.
What is Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Jalianwala Bagh massacre or the Amritsar massacre was a bad event for the people there, which is still remembered by the people of India through the memorial built in Amritsar of Punjab state. It was first established in 1951 to remember and pay tribute to those who sacrificed their lives in the massacre by soldiers of British rule. On this day i.e. 13 April 1919 in Amritsar's Jalianwala Bagh, a lot of people were involved in celebrating the most famous festival of Punjabi culture called Punjabi New Year.
It was informed by colonial British Raj sources that about 379 people were killed and 1100 were injured, according to a civil surgeon (Dr Smith), it was estimated that 1526 were injured but about the correct statistics Still do not know. Jalianwala Bagh Ground situated in about 6.5 acres i.e. 26,000 m2 area is near the Golden Temple complex, which is a very sacred place for the people of Sikhism.
A memorial is built on the place of Jallianwala Bagh massacre which is looked after by Jalianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust. According to the section of the Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust, this monument was established by the Indian government in the year 1951. To commemorate and remember the people who sacrificed their life in that massacre, on April 13, every year the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre is celebrated by the people of entire India.
Information related to Jallianwala Bagh massacre:
- Location: Amritsar
- Date: 13 April 1919, at 5:30 p.m.
- Goal: Hindu, Muslim and Sikh religion and political group
- Type: massacre
- Death: 379 to 1000
- Criminal: British Indian soldiers
Why did Jallianwala Bagh massacre (Amritsar massacre) happen in Jallianwala Bagh?
To prevent the Sunday Revolution of 13 April 1919, all the meetings had already been stopped by General Dyer, but this news was not properly spread all over the place. This was one of the big reasons that the crowd gathered in Jalsilawa Bagh of Amritsar and the public grounds known as Jallianwala Bagh were the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. On April 13, 1919, the Baishakhi festival was celebrated by the people of Sikhism. To celebrate the festival at Jallianwala Bagh, a large crowd of many villages had gathered.
As soon as R.E.H. Dwyer got news of a meeting in Jallianwala Bagh, he came there with his 50 Gorkha boxers and ordered to fire the crowd. Those soldiers continue to firing on innocent people till 10 minutes (1,650 rounds) until all the pockets of their pocket are empty.
In Britain, he became a hero of the entire British Empire, though he was severely criticized by the House of Commons, and in July 1920 he was forced to retire. The catastrophic massacre made a big reason to re-evaluate their army, which resulted in a new policy of minimum troop in which soldiers were told the proper way to control large crowds.
History of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
Jalianwala Bagh massacre is also famous as Amritsar massacre because it happened in Amritsar city of Punjab state. It is considered as one of the worst incidents of Indian history that happened during the British rule in India. This incident took place on 13th April, 1919, when a large crowd of ordinary people (Baishakhi pilgrims) had gathered in non-violent insurgents in the public ground of Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab. The common people (Sikh religion) gathered to celebrate their most famous festivals (despite being declared curfew) to celebrate the Ba'shakhi, while nonviolent opponents against the arrest of two leaders of the Indian independence movement (Satyapal and Saifuddin Kichlov) by the British government. Were also gathered.
On 11th April, General Dyer arrived from Jalandhar Cantonment and took possession of the town. He ordered his detachment to be shot, by which the soldiers kept firing for 10 minutes. He continued aggressively firing towards the gate, so that no one could get out of that place and all were directly targets of bullets. It was reported that people from 370 to 1000 or more were killed. This violent action by the British government surprised everyone and surprised them. After this action people got reliance on the principle of the British rule, which led them to the non-cooperation movement of 1920-1922.
Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, in Jalianwala Bagh in Amritsar, was expected to be a major revolution, where more than 15000 people had gathered to celebrate. The Amritsar massacre was a reaction to suppress and eliminate the plans of leaders of Indian independence movement. On 10th April, 1919, for the release of leaders of Satyapal and Saifuddin Kichlov, the leaders of the two famous Indian independence movement, were protesting and demanding by the leaders of the Indian Independence Movement at the residence of the Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar, who were arrested these leaders who later There was a plan to send the British government to a secret place. In this rebellion a large crowd was attacked by the English detachment. Satyapal and Saifuddin also gave support to Mahatma Gandhi's Satyagraha movement.
On April 11, an English missionary teacher, Miss Marcela Sherwood, was beaten and beaten by the crowd. However, later he was rescued by some local Indian and his student's father. There was a revolution in the city of Amritsar, during which railway track, government offices, buildings, telegraph post etc. were badly damaged. As a result of this revolution, on March 13, the British Government declared martial law in Punjab. During this time, the rights of citizens, freedom of assembly, prohibition of mob gathering (prohibition of mobilization of more than 4 people in one place) etc. were completely banned by law.
On the same day i.e. on April 13, a traditional festival of Sikhism was vanishing, during which people of different religions like Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs etc. gathered in the public garden of Jallianwala Bagh near Amritsar's Harminder Sahib. Now the gathering was started that General Dyer arrived with his group there with 303 le-infiltrated bolt action rifles and machine guns, its soldiers encircled the whole ground and started firing without warning. given. Later, the brutal Dyer clarified that this action was to punish the disobedient Indians, but it was not for the mob to disperse.
After listening to the bullets, people started fleeing there, but they could not find any place to escape because they were completely surrounded by British soldiers. To save themselves, many people jumped in nearby wells. Later, 120 bodies were taken out from this well.
Jalianwala Bagh massacre confirmation
After this incident, the British General Dwyer reported to his senior officer about his encounter by the revolutionary army and after it was announced by a telegram by Lieutenant Governor Michael O'Dwyer that "Your action was right and the lieutenant The Governor has accepted it. " O'Dwyer also requested to continue martial law in Amritsar and surrounding areas, which was later approved by Viceroy Chelmsford.
It was criticized by Winston Churchill for which he argued in the House of Commons on 8 July 1920. he said that:
The mob had no weapon except the sticks. There was no attack on anyone anywhere, when there were bullets on them to disperse them, then they started running away. They were assembled at a fairly small place even in Trafalgar Square, where difficulties could arise, and all went together, from which a bullet went on to penetrate three to four people, people would keep running around like crazy. When the bullet was instructed to run in the middle, then they all started fleeing towards the shore. After that the instructions were directed towards the bullet side. Many were lying on the ground and then they were instructed to run on the ground. The cycle continued for 10 minutes and it stopped when the bombardment reached the verge of ending.
After a long debate in the House of Commons, Dyer's work was criticized and his action was voted by the members. After getting information about the news of the massacre on May 22, 1919, a meeting was held against Ravidranath Tagore against this inhuman cruelty of British rule in Calcutta.
The real witness of the Jalianwala Bagh massacre, which took place on April 13, 1919, was a Sikh youth named Udham Singh of the Khalsa Orphanage. Udham Singh took revenge for killing more than 1,300 innocent people by killing Lieutenant Governor Michael O'Dwyer at Caxton Hall in London, for which he was hanged on 31 July 1940 in Pantenville prison in London.
Establishment of Hunter Commission in response to Jallianwala Bagh massacre
A committee was announced by the Indian government on October 14, 1919 to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of the state of Punjab. It was named as Hunter Commission in the name of Lord William Hunter (President). This Commission was established to investigate all the incidents that happened in Bombay, Delhi and Punjab shortly before.
However, the Hunter Commission against the action of Dwyer proved to be unable to implement any disciplinary action as he was forgotten by his superiors. But after a lot of effort, he was found to be wrong and in 1920, in July month, before the time the military was retired and retired. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya also raised his voice against the brutal action of Dwyer in the Central Legislative Council. According to his personal investigation, he claimed that more than 1000 people were killed in the crowd of 15,000 to 20000.
An annual session was held by the Indian National Congress in Amritsar in December 1919 in Amritsar and the British Government was urged to "take immediate steps to establish a full responsible government in India according to the principle of self-determination". All India Sikh League was formed by the people of Sikh religion as their representative organ for political action. During 1920-1925, the Gurudwara reform movement demanded to improve the sacred place of Sikhs. Some Sikh soldiers resigned from their army job to form an opposition-British terrorist group called Babbar Akali. Non-violence was accepted by the leaders of the Akali Movement.
Establishment of Jallianwala Bagh Memorial
After the Amritsar massacre, Jalianwala Bagh became a place of pilgrimage. Madan Mohan Malaviya created a committee to commemorate the massacre in memory of the martyrs. On 1 August 1920, Jalianwala Bagh was acquired by the nation at a cost of Rs 5,60,472 for making a memorial. Although the monument was built in India, 9,25,000 rupees after Independence and its name was "Flame of Fire", which was inaugurated by the first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, in the year 1961, on 13th April 1961.
With a lantern standing on every side, a shallow water is made of a four-footed red mud beach surrounded by thin length, with a height of 30 feet in the middle of the monument. It is made up of 300 bars with Ashok Chakra as a symbol of the national symbol. On the four pillars of the monument, "13th of April, 1919, in memory of the martyrs" is written in Hindi, English, Punjabi and Urdu. The condition of the soldiers of Dwar has been marked by making a children's swimming pool near the main entrance of Jalianwala Bagh.
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