Bluetooth
In many ways, Bluetooth is a way to send or receive data between two different devices. Android platforms include support for the Bluetooth Framework, which allows any device to exchange wirelessly with other Bluetooth devices.
Android offers Bluetooth APIs to perform these different functions
-
Scan for other Bluetooth devices
-
Get a list of paired devices
-
Connect to other devices through service discovery
Android provides BluetoothAdapter class to communicate with Bluetooth. Create an object of this calling by calling the static method getDefaultAdapter(). Its syntax is given below.
private BluetoothAdapter BA;
BA = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();In order to enable the Bluetooth of your device, call the intent with the following Bluetooth constant ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE. Its syntax is.
Intent turnOn = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(turnOn, 0); Apart from this constant, there are other constants provided the API , that supports different tasks. They are listed below.
| Sr.No | Constant & description |
|---|---|
| 1 | ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE
This constant is used for turn on discovering of bluetooth |
| 2 | ACTION_STATE_CHANGED
This constant will notify that Bluetooth state has been changed |
| 3 | ACTION_FOUND
This constant is used for receiving information about each device that is discovered |
Once you enable the Bluetooth , you can get a list of paired devices by calling getBondedDevices() method. It returns a set of bluetooth devices. Its syntax is.
private Set<BluetoothDevice>pairedDevices;
pairedDevices = BA.getBondedDevices();Apart form the parried Devices , there are other methods in the API that gives more control over Blueetooth. They are listed below.
| Sr.No | Method & description |
|---|---|
| 1 | enable()
This method enables the adapter if not enabled |
| 2 | isEnabled()
This method returns true if adapter is enabled |
| 3 | disable()
This method disables the adapter |
| 4 | getName()
This method returns the name of the Bluetooth adapter |
| 5 | setName(String name)
This method changes the Bluetooth name |
| 6 | getState()
This method returns the current state of the Bluetooth Adapter. |
| 7 | startDiscovery()
This method starts the discovery process of the Bluetooth for 120 seconds. |
Example
This example provides demonstration of BluetoothAdapter class to manipulate Bluetooth and show list of paired devices by the Bluetooth.
To experiment with this example , you need to run this on an actual device.
| Steps | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | You will use Android studio to create an Android application a package com.example.sairamkrishna.myapplication;. While creating this project, make sure you Target SDK and Compile With at the latest version of Android SDK to use higher levels of APIs. |
| 2 | Modify src/MainActivity.java file to add the code |
| 3 | Modify layout XML file res/layout/activity_main.xml add any GUI component if required. |
| 4 | Modify AndroidManifest.xml to add necessary permissions. |
| 5 | Run the application and choose a running android device and install the application on it and verify the results. |
Here is the content of src/MainActivity.java
package com.example.sairamkrishna.myapplication;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.net.wifi.ScanResult;
import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
Button b1,b2,b3,b4;
private BluetoothAdapter BA;
private Set<BluetoothDevice>pairedDevices;
ListView lv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
b1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
b2=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
b3=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button3);
b4=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button4);
BA = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
lv = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listView);
}
public void on(View v){
if (!BA.isEnabled()) {
Intent turnOn = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(turnOn, 0);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Turned on",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
else
{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Already on", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
public void off(View v){
BA.disable();
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Turned off" ,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
public void visible(View v){
Intent getVisible = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
startActivityForResult(getVisible, 0);
}
public void list(View v){
pairedDevices = BA.getBondedDevices();
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
for(BluetoothDevice bt : pairedDevices)
list.add(bt.getName());
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Showing Paired Devices",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
final ArrayAdapter adapter = new ArrayAdapter(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, list);
lv.setAdapter(adapter);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
// automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
// as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
int id = item.getItemId();
//noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}Here is the content of activity_main.xml
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:transitionGroup="true">
android:text="Bluetooth Example" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/textview"
android:textSize="35dp"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Tutorials point"
android:id="@+id/textView"
android:layout_below="@+id/textview"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:textColor="#ff7aff24"
android:textSize="35dp" />
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/imageView"
android:src="@drawable/abc"
android:layout_below="@+id/textView"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:theme="@style/Base.TextAppearance.AppCompat" />
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Turn On"
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_below="@+id/imageView"
android:layout_toStartOf="@+id/imageView"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/imageView"
android:clickable="true"
android:onClick="on" />
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Get visible"
android:onClick="visible"
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/button"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="List devices"
android:onClick="list"
android:id="@+id/button3"
android:layout_below="@+id/imageView"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/imageView"
android:layout_toEndOf="@+id/imageView" />
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="turn off"
android:onClick="off"
android:id="@+id/button4"
android:layout_below="@+id/button"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/listView"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/button"
android:layout_alignStart="@+id/button"
android:layout_below="@+id/textView2" />
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Paired devices:"
android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:textColor="#ff34ff06"
android:textSize="25dp"
android:layout_below="@+id/button4"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/listView"
android:layout_alignStart="@+id/listView" />
Here is the content of Strings.xml
name="app_name">My Application
name="hello_world">Hello world!
name="action_settings">Settings
Here is the content of AndroidManifest.xml
xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.sairamkrishna.myapplication" >
android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
Try to run your application. I think you are connected to your real Android mobile device with your computer. To run an app from Android Studio, open an activity file from your project and click the Run icon from the toolbar. Before starting your application, Android Studio will display a window to choose an option, where you can run your Android app.